Healthy cells in the breast alter and expand uncontrollably to form a tumor, which is a mass or sheet of cells; this is how cancer develops. Breast cancer typically develops in either the breast's lobules or the inner lining of milk ducts, known as ductal carcinomas or lobular carcinomas. Both humans and other species can develop breast cancer. Although women account for the vast majority of human cases, men can also develop breast cancer. It is the leading cause of death for women worldwide. Around 2.1 million of the 8.6 million women who received a cancer diagnosis in 2018 had breast cancer, and 57% were from developing nations. 626,679 breast cancer fatalities were reported in the same year, with the majority of which were from sub-Saharan African countries.
Our DBMR team has investigated the breast cancer diagnostics market and witnessed North America dominating the market due to the increasing awareness among the people, the occurrence of various market players, and rapid technological advancement. Asia-Pacific is expected to grow at the highest growth rate in the forecast period of 2022 to 2029, owing to improved infrastructure and growing awareness regarding early diagnosis.
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To keep this disease from spreading among the population, a variety of tactics have been employed, including prevention, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Treatment has remained the primary tactic in the fight against breast cancer, even though prevention and early diagnosis have been the cornerstone of breast cancer management in low- and middle-income countries. For instance, Tanzania Breast Health Care Assessment and Medical Women Associations of Tanzania (MEWATA) are leading the fight against breast cancer in Tanzania (TBHCA). Treatment should be given to stop the proliferation of breast tumor cells for effective breast cancer control. The use of combination therapy, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, has not been investigated to study the dynamics of breast cancer disease. This is important because radiotherapy and low-dose chemotherapy after surgery help destroy any remaining cancer cells.
Our DBMR team investigated the breast cancer drug market and witnessed that the rising female population is susceptible to breast cancer. Increasing awareness regarding treatment options will drive the growth of the breast cancer drug market. North America dominates the breast cancer drug market owing to the prevalence of sophisticated healthcare infrastructure, increased research and development proficiencies by pharmaceutical companies, and rapid adoption of new and better healthcare technologies. The presence of major key players also fosters market growth in this region.
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Breast cancer is a huge window, and its multiple facets are associated with treatment, diagnosis, different clinical trials and their successful launches, and many more. Here, this report analyzes the different developments and sides of breast cancer.
- Risk of Second Primary Cancers in Male Breast Cancer Survivors
Men can get breast cancer, although it is very rare. Cancer is most prevalent in women, but men can also get breast cancer. Around 1 out of every 100 breast cancers diagnosed in the U.S. is found in a man. The growing risks for second primary cancers among male breast cancer survivors are being evaluated. In a study that included data from over 10,000 male breast cancer patients, the standardized occurrence ratio (SIR) of a second primary cancer, relative to healthy male controls, was 1.3; precisely, there were higher risks of colorectal (SIR 1.3), pancreatic (SIR 1.6), and thyroid (SIR 5.6) cancer. Male breast cancer survivors should involve in cancer screening according to their age, family history, and genetic risk factors, if exist.
Various risk factors increase breast cancer in men.
- Old Age- The risk for breast cancer rises with age. The majority of breast cancers are found after the age of 50 years.
- Genetic Mutations- Inherited changes (mutations) in some genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, surge the breast cancer risk.
- Liver Disease- Cirrhosis of the liver can minimize androgen levels and raise estrogen levels in men, growing the risk of breast cancer.
- Family History of Breast Cancer- Breast cancer risk in men is more if a close family member has had breast cancer.
- Klinefelter Syndrome- Klinefelter syndrome is a rare genetic condition in which a male has an extra X chromosome. This can cause the body to make higher levels of estrogen and lower levels of androgens.
- Radiation Therapy Treatment- Men who had radiation therapy to the chest have an increased risk of getting breast cancer.
Our DBMR team has investigated the image-guided radiation therapy market and witnessed North America dominating the image-guided radiation therapy market because of the enhanced healthcare infrastructure, quick adoption of advanced radiation therapies and technological advancements, growing geriatric population base, and rising cases of chronic diseases. Asia-Pacific is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period of 2021 to 2028 because of the increasing cases of target diseases, the geriatric population and improving healthcare infrastructure. Data Bridge Market Research analyses that the market is growing with the CAGR of 11.05% in the forecast period of 2021 to 2028.
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- Overweight and Obesity- Older men who are overweight or have obesity have an increasing risk of getting breast cancer than men at a normal weight.
- Hormone Therapy Treatment- Drugs that contain estrogen, used to treat prostate cancer in the past, increase men's breast cancer risk.
- Conditions that Affect the Testicles- Injury to, swelling in, or surgery to remove the testicles can increase breast cancer risk.
Our DBMR team investigated the klinefelter syndrome treatment market and witnessed that according to the records of National Human Genome Research Institute, Klinefelter syndrome is found in around 1 out of every 500-1,000 newborn males. North America is dominating the market in the forecast period due to the growing production of testosterone in the region's developing countries. Asia-Pacific is considered to grow over the coming years due to people's increased understanding of the Klinefelter syndrome condition.
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- Vaginal Estrogen Therapy in Patients with a History of Breast Cancer
The several advances in the diagnosis of and therapy for breast cancer in the last few years have led to decreasing breast cancer mortality. To have a good prognosis for the disease, several patients suffering from long-term major side effects that radiotherapy, operations, chemotherapy, or endocrine therapy may cause. Therefore, improvement or, respectively, maintenance of quality of life is becoming more important in treating breast cancer patients post-surgery. Around 75 % of climacteric patients experience menopausal complaints such as sleeping disorders, hot flashes, a decline in libido, and vaginal atrophy. And just the growing usage of artificial intelligence in postmenopausal breast cancer patients leads to an increase of vaginal atrophy with symptoms such as petechial bleeding, dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, and recurrent cystitis
Women who are treated for breast cancer (BC) often undergo genitourinary syndrome of menopause. These symptoms may be increased by vaginal estrogen therapy (VET) or menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). Though, there are several concerns of risks of recurrence of breast cancer and death which is followed by treatment. Low-dose vaginal estrogen is a type of treatment for moderate to severe symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) unresponsive to non-hormonal management. However, its safety associated with breast cancer is still vague. In the latest study of postmenopausal patients with a history of early estrogen-positive breast cancer treated with aromatase inhibitors (AI), those who used vaginal estrogen after the breast cancer diagnosis had an increasing risk of breast cancer recurrence than the nonusers. This relation was not witnessed in patients treated with tamoxifen.
Our DBMR team investigated the postmenopausal vaginal atrophy treatment market and witnessed that Asia-Pacific is expected to account for the largest market share over coming years for postmenopausal vaginal atrophy treatment market due to growing awareness about the treatment. Europe is considered to hold bright growth prospects in the coming years, while North America is considered to lead the growth due to the focus of global players on novel technology. The major players covered in postmenopausal vaginal atrophy treatment market are Pfizer Inc., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Bayer AG and others.
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- Breast Implant-Associated Cancer
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is also known as BIA-ALCL. It's a rare form of lymphoma which occurs in some people who've had breast implants. It's a kind of immune system cancer and is not breast cancer. This type of lymphoma happens in the fluid and scar tissue around the implant. In more advanced cases, it may spread to lymph nodes near your breast and in other parts of your body. Breast implant-associated malignancies are not very common, with most concern associated with breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the American Society of Plastic Surgery have recently focused on breast implant-associated squamous cell cancer (BIA-SCC), which can also occur in the capsule surrounding the implant. Typical features of BIA-SCC that differ from BIA-ALCL include its longer average time to onset after implantation, more aggressive behavior, and increased mortality. BIA-SCC is also related to either smooth or textured implants; on the other hand, BIA-ALCL is mainly associated with textured implants. When treating patients who have late-onset peri-implant changes, seroma, or mass, it is essential to consider the possibility of BIA-SCC in addition to BIA-ALCL.
- Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in PD-L1 Positive Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for around 10-15% of all breast cancers. The term triple-negative breast cancer means that the cancer cells donot have estrogen or progesterone receptors (ER or PR) and also don't make any or too much of the protein called HER2. These cancers tend to be more prevalent in women younger than age 40 years, or who have a BRCA1 mutation. For patients having advanced programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the use of an immune checkpoint inhibitor is being assessed with chemotherapy. In a latest randomized trial, patients with advanced TNBCs with a combined positive score (CPS) for PD-L1 expression of ≥10 experienced an improved overall survival with the addition of pembrolizumab rather than a placebo to chemotherapy. Based on these data, for those who develop advanced PD-L1 positive TNBC with CPS ≥10, the addition of a pembrolizumab to chemotherapyis highly beneficial.
Our DBMR team investigated the triple negative breast cancer market and witnessed that the pandemic of COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the triple negative breast cancer market. North America dominates the triple negative breast cancer market due to the rise in the of triple negative breast cancer. Furthermore, the continuous research and development activity by key players will further boost the growth of the region's triple negative breast cancer market during the forecast period. Asia-Pacific is projected to observe a significant amount of growth in the negative breast cancer market due to the rise in awareness regarding the diseases. Moreover, the growing disposable income is further anticipated to propel the growth of the region's triple negative breast cancer market in the coming years.
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Conclusion:
A plan for the treatment of breast cancer is a major component of any breast cancer control plans. Its primary goal is to cure breast cancer patients or prolong their life substantially, ensuring a good quality of life. As in women, treatment for breast cancer in men depends on how big the tumor is and how far it has spread. Treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. The wide usage of hormone therapy surges the risk of developing breast cancer. The rising risk becomes prominent after duration of use of 5 years or more. In the last few years the relationship between hormone therapy and breast cancer has been mostly investigated in observational trials. Suppose the 5-year relative survival rate for a particular stage of breast cancer is 90%. In that case, it signifies that women who have that cancer are around 90% as likely as women who don't have that cancer to live for at least 5 years after being diagnosed.
